Larangan Riba Dalam Islam Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Stabilitas Ekonomi

Abstract

The prohibition of riba constitutes a fundamental principle in Islamic economic thought, extending beyond a
purely normative-religious injunction to encompass structural implications for economic stability. This
study aims to examine the prohibition of riba from the perspective of fiqh muʿāmalah and to analyze its
relevance to macroeconomic stability. Employing a normative qualitative approach, this research is based on
library research that analyzes primary sources, including the Qur’an and Hadith, as well as secondary
sources such as classical and contemporary works on fiqh muʿāmalah, Islamic economics, and macroeconomic
theory. The findings indicate that riba is conceptualized in Islamic jurisprudence as an unjust economic
practice that separates profit from risk and productive activity. From a macroeconomic perspective, interest-
based systems tend to encourage excessive debt accumulation, financial speculation, and structural
imbalances between the financial and real sectors, thereby increasing vulnerability to economic crises. In
contrast, the Islamic economic system, which prohibits riba and emphasizes profit-and-loss sharing
mechanisms, promotes risk sharing, asset-backed financing, and stronger linkages to the real economy.
This study concludes that the prohibition of riba possesses strong economic rationality and is closely aligned
with efforts to maintain macroeconomic stability and distributive justice. By integrating fiqh-based analysis
with macroeconomic theory, this research demonstrates that Islamic economic principles offer a conceptually
viable alternative for addressing contemporary global economic instability. The study contributes to the
theoretical development of Islamic economics and provides policy-relevant insights for the advancement of a
more stable and equitable financial system.
Keywords: riba, Islamic economics, fiqh muʿāmalah, macroeconomic stability, risk sharing.